Textbook chapters (only one of the following books is necessary, the information covered in the concept questions is found in each of the books).
• Chapter 26: Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax College • Chapter 24: Visual Anatomy and Physiology by Martini and Ober • Chapter 21: Hole’s Anatomy and Physiology by Shier, Butler, and Lewis
1. Compare and contrast the normal distribution and composition of body water and the role of osmosis and osmoreceptors in fluid balance.
Concept Storyline: Fluid Balance 2. Describe the properties and biological functions of electrolytes, particularly as they relate to osmotic balance.
Concept Storyline: Electrolytes 3. Describe the importance of sodium and potassium balance and the factors controlling each.
Concept Storyline: Sodium and Potassium 4. Compare and contrast the properties and outcomes of acidosis versus alkalosis in the body, and the role of buffer systems in these conditions.
Concept Storyline: Blood Acidity 5. Compare and contrast the mechanisms, location, and function of each of the following: phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system, carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system, and hemoglobin buffer system.
Concept Storyline: Buffer Systems 6. Compare and contrast the process of metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders, including their causes, compensations, and outcomes.